and those who did not. The book of Acts shows that tensions of this sort could be expressed not only in heated debate but also in persecution and violence.11 Whatever the precise nature of the unrest, Claudius found it a nuisance, and so he ousted the Jewish community from the capital. And since Christian Jews were indistinguishable from non-Christian Jews in the eyes of the authorities at this early date, the decree suddenly deprived the Roman church of its Jewish membership, leaving only God-fearing